Now, Africa LACMA
A new LACMA gallery shows African art as more than
influence.
| WHEN museums display African art and Modern art together,
they generally do so to illustrate how seeing Africa's arresting masks and
fantastic figures helped Picasso and other Modern artists escape the
constraints of Realism and move into Cubism, Surrealism and Dadaism. |
practical details at LACMA
|
By Anne-Marie O'Connor, Los Angeles Times found January 29, 2008
found at
calendarlive.com
But in a new gallery at the Los Angeles County Museum of Art, African art is
framed as a contemporary art form in its own right, not just an aesthetic
enabler for a century of Modern artists. "Tradition as Innovation in
African Art," curated by Polly Nooter Roberts, an African art expert at the
Fowler Museum at UCLA, is the debut of a partnership between the museums that
will display African works in a prominent space at the plaza entrance to the
Ahmanson Building's Modern art collection.
The gallery, in full view of a monumental black geometric Tony Smith sculpture,
will hold African art exhibitions that will be rotated annually, said LACMA
Deputy Director Nancy Thomas, in a dynamic rearrangement that pushes the mostly
19th and 20th century African pieces to center stage.
"This is the start of a long-term permanent program for African art at
LACMA, and part of our goal is to reposition African art within the context of a
general art museum," Thomas said. Previously, LACMA displayed a small
African selection in a less prominent Ahmanson gallery near ancient art of the
Americas.
"People think of [African artists] as being ancient inspiration, when in
fact they're contemporaries," said LACMA Director Michael Govan. Their work
is "not just inspiration for an avant-garde. It's alive. You look at these
pieces and say: Does Modern art get any better?"
Roberts, the deputy director and chief curator at the Fowler, who selected the
works in the show, seeks to present African art in its own context. The
Janus-faced forest guardian figure from the Niger Delta that towers over the
gallery entrance with a sword in his hand and a simian on his head was created
to protect villagers from perils that lurk in the forest, the exhibition
explains.
The Ijo wood piece is among works drawn from Southern California private
collections. Several pieces are from LACMA's relatively small collection, but
nearly half the compact display was borrowed from the extensive African
collection at the Fowler. The museum also lent Roberts, who first experienced
Africa as a diplomat's daughter in Liberia and Tanzania and has worked in such
places as Senegal, Ivory Coast and Congo.
The concept behind the exhibition was best articulated by the artistic credo of
the Yoruba, a West African people who came to the New World as slaves, bringing
a living cultural influence that is celebrated from Cuba to Brazil.
Yoruba philosopher Olabiyi Yai says tradition implies innovation, Roberts said
-- meaning that African pieces that "appear traditional" may actually
be part of their culture's avant-garde. There is even a Yoruba name, Aré, for
"the artist as explorer," she said, "the itinerant artist on a
spiritual quest, on the move in a conceptual sense. The Yoruba say that the best
artist is the one who can transcend the boundaries of the known world and go out
to the edges."
One example of Aré, Roberts said, is the exhibition's majestic Yoruba Epa mask
of a horseman, covered with white Pointillist dots that shimmer with movement.
The speckles denote Ashé, a charismatic personal power or life force.
The emerging attempt to embrace African art on its own terms follows a
century-long love affair with its forms; Modern artists popularized African art
by appropriating those forms. But a neocolonial fascination with exoticism
misread the art's meaning. Elements of its nudity were misunderstood as erotic,
and pieces carefully designed to address social status, fertility or death were
miscast as uninhibited self-expression.
One of the enigmatic pieces in the LACMA exhibit is a Kota sculpture, a small
human figure with a crescent-crowned head, that was once owned by a founder of
Surrealism, André Breton. Kota figures inspired such artists as Picasso and
Ernst by their ability to deliver maximum visual impact with the strong
silhouettes and clean lines now associated with Modernism.
But in Africa, Kota figures are anything but simple. They are reliquary
guardians that protect containers of bones of the deceased and ward away
trespassers -- and a powerful bridge to the spirit world.
"For Modernists, they are remarkable for their simplicity," Roberts
said. "For Kota people, there's a whole different association with how they
connect to the deceased."
The Kota piece may have been bought directly from Breton and the poet and
Surrealist co-founder Paul Éluard by American-British pharmaceutical magnate
Henry Wellcome. The Wellcome Trust's collection was the foundation for the
Fowler's African holdings and is a rich source for the new partnership with
LACMA, which includes plans for collaborations on pre-Columbian art and more.
Govan said he was surprised to learn there was no department of African art at
LACMA when he became director in 2006. "Crazy, right?" he said.
"How could that be, in an encyclopedic museum?
"This makes it a priority," he said, as he stood in the gallery with
Thomas and Roberts, watching craftsmen put the tops on some of the pedestals
holding the art. "It's not just about Modern art but about modern eyes. The
big giant question mark that looms over the avant-garde is, 'What is
innovation?' "
Govan stood before one piece, entwining an antelope and an aardvark, so
streamlined it could illustrate a calculus equation.
"Tell me, what is more Modern than that?" Govan said. "It's a
masterpiece."
Next, workmen unfurled a Kuba textile whose dynamic field of geometric,
deliberately asymmetrical branching forms seemed as starkly modern as the
sculpture dominating the foyer.
"Eat your heart out, Stuart Davis," Govan said as the textile went up,
drawing a comparison to an artist whose drawings hang in a nearby gallery.
"The use of varied patterns -- it's all there. . . . It forces you to
consider the nature of art, and the nature of innovation."
Viewers can find comparisons of their own in LACMA's nearby collection of German
Expressionism, where early 20th century woodcuts show clear influences of
groundbreaking African images that helped European artists break free.
Some hope the exhibition will help viewers break free from the way they
categorize art.
Marla Berns, the director of the Fowler, said she has been surprised that
critics of African art shows at the Fowler have insisted on terming the works
"ethnographic art, or artifacts."
"Why is it that people have such a hard time accepting it as art?" she
said. "By putting the [African art] where LACMA has put it . . . they are
reinforcing the point that this is art with a capital A, worthy of the same kind
of contemplation and appreciation as any art form."
anne-marie.oconnor @latimes.com
practical details at LACMA an
opposite view at fowler museum
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